Online Research Links

WABE is dedicated to providing research-based support for bilingual educators. This page provides links to research that can provide assistance in program development, classroom practices, assessment, and community outreach.
Program Development

Howard, E. R., Sugarman, J., Christian, D., Lindholm-Leary, K. J., & Rogers, D. (2007). Guiding principles for dual language education (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

Hughes, Craig A. (2009). The Impact of School Organization and Structure on the Academic Success Mexican Immigrant Students: The Perceptions of Mexican Descent Students. Journal of Borderland Education, 3(1).


Thomas, Wayne & Collier, Virginia (September 1, 2002). A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students' Long-Term Academic Achievement.  . Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence. Final Reports. Paper 1_1_final.


Sociocultural Contexts

Bomer, Randy, Dworin, Joel E., May, Laura, & Semingson, Peggy (2008) Miseducating Teachers about the Poor: A Critical Analysis of Ruby Payne's Claims about Poverty. Teacher College Record Online.

Norma Gonzalez, Luis C. Moll, Martha Floyd-Tenery, Anna Rivera, Patricia Rendon, Raquel Gonzales, and Cathy Amanti, "Teacher Research on Funds of Knowledge: Learning from Households" (January 1, 1993). Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence. NCRCDSLL Educational Practice Reports. Paper EPR06.
Classroom Practices

Short, Deborah J. & Echevarria, Jana (1999). The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
A Tool for Teacher–Researcher Collaboration and Professional Development. ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics.


External Research Links

James Crawford'sLanguage Policy Web Site & Emporium

Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL)

Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence (CREDE)

Dr. Cummins' ESL  and Second Language Learning Web

Books and Articles by Stephen D Krashen

The National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition






Language and Academic Development

Cummins, Jim (2001).  The Academic and Political Discourse of Minority Language Education: Claims and Counter-Claims About Reading, Academic Language, Pedagogy, and Assessment as They Relate to Bilingual Children's Educational Development. Summary of paper presented at the International Conference on Bilingualism, Bristol, April 20, 2001